[nanoPost] Nanotechnology for Smart Materials

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1. Electrorheological (ER) fluids
Ping Sheng
University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

Electrorheological (ER) fluids are a class of suspensions whose viscosity increases under the application of an electric field. For certain ER fluids the application of a strong field (>1000V/mm) can lead to an anisotropic solid, with a yield stress characterizing its strength.

2. Modern Self-Healing Materials
Igor Sokolov
Center for Advanced Material Processing
Clarkson  University

Self-healing materials, where does it come from? Indeed, this is what everyone saw at least several times. Wounds or skin cuts heal after some time. So, it has been natural to try to create materials possessing such a wonderful property. One can list thousands of possible applications for such materials in variety of different fields.

3. Piezoelectricity at molecular level and Energy Harvesting
Dr. Stefano Selci, ISC-CNR

It is true that piezoelectricity relies on the local structure of the material: if it is a perfect crystal or amorphous it is of little importance, but only the relative orientation of local polarization vectors is to be considered.

4. Self-Healing Nanomaterials
Anna C. Balazs
Chemical Engineering Department
University of Pittsburgh

The ability to heal wounds is one of the truly remarkable properties of biological systems. A grand challenge in materials science is to design “smart” synthetic systems that can mimic this behavior by not only “sensing” the presence of a “wound” or defect, but also actively re-establishing the continuity and integrity of the damaged area.

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